There are several reasons and treatment methods for cable insulation breakdown

There are five main reasons for cable insulation breakdown: mechanical damage, improper construction, insulation moisture, overvoltage and insulation aging.

1. Mechanical damage. Heavy objects may damage the cables, excavators may accidentally damage the cables, cables may be bent too much during installation, insulation may be damaged, cables may be severely squeezed during shipment, insulation and protective layers may be damaged, and cables may be directly buried due to subsidence. All these may damage the insulation and even break the cables. To avoid mechanical damage to cables, overhead cables may be used. Cables laid along walls should be covered. Cables buried underground should be clearly marked, and soil extraction near cable lines should be stopped in a timely manner.

2. Improper construction. Due to poor construction methods and the poor quality of the materials used, the cable head and the weak links in the middle fail, resulting in the breakdown of the insulation layer. To prevent this phenomenon, the installation quality of the cable head should be improved. During the production and installation of the cable head, the insulation bag should be tight and no gaps should appear. Before epoxy resin and quartz powder, strict drying treatment should be carried out to prevent bubbles and moisture from entering the cable head, and the insulation treatment of the edge of the lead sheath should be strengthened.

3. Insulation is damp. Due to poor cable head construction technology, moisture penetrates into the cable, or the inner sheath of the cable is damaged and moisture enters. Lead-sheathed cables are laid near the earthquake source, and fatigue cracks occur due to long-term vibration. The outer sheath of the cable is corroded and cavities are generated. Due to poor manufacturing quality, there are small holes or cracks on the lead sheath. In view of these situations, the maintenance of the outer layer of the cable should be strengthened, and a layer of asphalt should be applied to the outer sheath regularly.

4. Overvoltage. The insulation layer is broken down due to atmospheric overvoltage or internal overvoltage, especially the internal overvoltage of the system will cause multiple cables to be broken down at the same time. In this regard, lightning arresters should be installed to improve the technological level of automatic protection of the system.

5. Insulation aging. In the long-term operation of the cable, due to poor heat dissipation or overload, the electrical and mechanical properties of the insulation material deteriorate, making the insulation layer brittle or broken. If this is the case, the cable should be periodically tested for preventive withstand voltage. If the cable insulation is found to be reduced and cannot meet the operating requirements, a new cable should be replaced.

Generally speaking, the above measures can be taken to prevent cable insulation breakdown.

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